a cheque for an amount of Rs.24,15,365/- was issued by M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd. in favour of petitioner. Though the account of the petitioner was freezed only on account of the instructions given by M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd. and the subsequent award of the Banking Ombudsman, dated 07.09.2012, the said Firm i.e. M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd. is not a party before this Court. It is true that when the cheque was presented by the petitioner on 05.04.2012, the same was honoured, but earlier to the said date i.e. on 02.04.2012 itself, instructions were issued by M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd., for stopping the payment. As indicated in the counter, such instructions for stopping the payment have been issued, referring to some dispute with regard to quality and quantity of the goods supplied by the petitioner. Though the receipt of such letter was acknowledged by the 3rd respondent on 03.04.2012, as explained in the counter affidavit, it appears, they have not uploaded it in the system for stop-payment alert, and due to the same, by oversight, the cheque, which was presented by the petitioner, was honoured and the amount was credited to his account. But when the same was noticed, immediately, the 3rd respondent has contacted the 2nd respondent and issued a letter, dated 23.04.2012, for freezing the account of the petitioner. Even by that time, certain amounts were already withdrawn by the petitioner, and only an amount of Rs.11,70,102/- was lying to the credit of his account at Guntur branch. It is also to be noticed that in this case, when the 3rd respondent-bank has failed to comply with the stop- payment instructions issued by M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd., the said Firm has also approached the Banking Ombudsman, who passed the award dated 07.09.2012, to the effect that UCO Bank shall credit-back the amount to the current account of the complainant with immediate effect along with interest at savings bank rate from the date of wrong debit till the date of crediting. In the award, there was a direction to credit-back the amount of cheque issued by the complainant i.e. M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd., and in that view of the matter, there was no option to the 3rd respondent, except to freeze the account of the petitioner, where, an amount to the tune of Rs.11,70,102/-, was lying. In view of the letter dated 02.04.2012, which was received by the 3rd respondent on 03.04.2012, it is a mistaken transfer, which falls within the scope of Section 72 of the Indian Contract Act, as per which, a person to whom money has been paid, or anything delivered, by mistake or under coercion, must repay or return it. As the bank has paid to the petitioner by mistake, contrary to the stop-payment letter dated 02.04.2012, issued by M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd., it is the obligation on the part of the petitioner to pay- back such amount on his own. In view of such mistaken transfer and in view of the letter dated 23.04.2012, addressed by the 3rd respondent to the 2nd respondent, where the petitioner operates his account, the account is freezed to realise the amount, which was mistakenly transferred to his account. In view of the provision under Section 72 of the Indian Contract Act, this Court is of the view that as the 3rd respondent-bank has committed an inadvertent mistake, it has rightly issued the letter dated 23.04.2012, to the 2nd respondent for freezing the account of the petitioner. Though the learned counsel for petitioner has relied on the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Rangappa (1 supra), the issue involved in the said case relates to Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, therefore, the ratio laid down in the said judgment would not render any assistance in support of the case of the petitioner. On the other hand, the judgment relied on by the learned counsel appearing for the 3rd respondent-bank in the case of S.Kotrabasappa V. The Indian Bank2, would support the case of 3rd respondent. In the aforesaid judgment, while interpreting the scope of Section 72 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, it is held that when there is a mistaken credit in the account of a person by the Bank, such person is bound to repay or return such amount and he is also liable to pay interest under Interest Act, on such amount retained by him. In that view of the matter, this Court is of the view that in this case, as there was a mistaken credit to the account of the petitioner, this judgment would support the case of 3rd respondent. If there is any dispute with regard to the amounts payable by M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd., it is open for the petitioner to proceed against the said Firm, but in view of the letter dated 02.04.2012, received by the 3rd respondent-bank on 03.04.2012, and in view of the further award of the Banking Ombudsman, dated 07.09.2012, I do not find any illegality in freezing the account of the petitioner. Therefore, the petitioner is not entitled for the relief sought for in this writ petition. For the aforesaid reasons, giving liberty to the petitioner to pursue the remedies available under law against M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd., this writ petition is disposed of. No costs. As a sequel, WPMP.No.36498 of 2012 stands closed.

HON'BLE SRI JUSTICE R. SUBHASH REDDY        

WRIT PETITION No.28621 of 2012  

03.10.2012

M/s.Ganesh Cotton Traders, Guntur, rep. by its Proprietor.

The General Manager, UCO Bank, Kolkata & others.  

For petitioner: Sri N. Nagaraju, Advocate.

For Respondents: Sri E.Sambasiva Pratap, Advocate.

<Gist:

>Head Note:

?CITATIONS:
1.      2010 (2) ALD (Crl.) 734 (SC)
2,      AIR 1987 KARNATAKA 236    
C/15

ORDER :

        This writ petition is filed, seeking directions by way of Mandamus,
declaring the action of respondents in freezing the account of the petitioner,
as illegal and violative of Articles 19 and 21 of the Constitution of India.
        The petitioner, a proprietary concern, is engaged in cotton business.
Petitioner is having business dealings with M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P)
Ltd., Coimbatore in Tamilnadu.  In the course of business transactions,
M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd. has issued a cheque bearing No.726190,
dated 05.04.2012, for an amount of Rs.24,15,365/-, towards part payment for the
purchases made by the said Firm from the petitioner.  The petitioner is an
account holder in the 2nd respondent-Bank with account No.022302210002513.  It
is the case of the petitioner that when he presented the cheque issued by
M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd., Coimbatore, the said cheque was honoured
and an amount of Rs.24,15,365/- was transferred to his account, and
subsequently, he issued cheques to third parties towards the amounts payable by
him, but, when the cheque bearing No.577858, dated 05.05.2012, for
Rs.11,40,200/-, issued by the petitioner came for scrutiny, it was dishonoured
stating that the account was freezed.  In this writ petition, it is the case of
the petitioner that when the cheque issued by M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P)
Ltd. was already honoured and such amount was credited to his account by the 2nd
respondent-Bank, there is no reason or justification for freezing his account.
It is stated that the account of the petitioner is illegally freezed, without
issuing any notice to him and also without conducting any inquiry.
        The 3rd respondent-Chief Manager of UCO Bank, Coimbatore has filed counter
affidavit.  In the counter affidavit, it is stated that after issuance of a
post-dated cheque bearing No.721690 to the petitioner for an amount of
Rs.24,15,365/-, mentioning the date as 05.04.2012, M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles
(P) Ltd., through its Managing Director, has issued stop-payment letter dated
02.04.2012, which was received on 03.04.2012 by the 3rd respondent-bank.  The
stop-payment letter was acknowledged by the bank staff on 03.04.2012, but by
mistake, it was not uploaded in the system for stop-payment alert, and due to
oversight, when the petitioner presented the cheque for collection at
Coimbatore, inadvertently, the bank passed the cheque and credited an amount of
Rs.24,15,365/-     to the account of the petitioner on 19.04.2012, and when the
said issue came to light on 23.04.2012, immediately, he has contacted the
Manager of UCO bank branch at Guntur, where the petitioner is maintaining the
account, and requested the branch to freeze the account lying to the credit of
the petitioner, by issuing a letter dated 23.04.2012 to that effect.  It is
further stated in the counter that M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd., which
has issued instructions for stopping the payment, objected to the action of
respondent-bank in passing the cheque issued in favour of petitioner and filed a
complaint before the Banking Ombudsman, Chennai, before whom, he has explained  
about crediting of amount in the petitioner's account by mistake and oversight,
upon which, the Banking Ombudsman passed an award, dated 07.09.2012.  In the  
counter, it is further stated that    in view of the mistaken entry of transfer
in favour of petitioner contrary to the instructions given by M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh
Textiles (P) Ltd., Coimbatore, and in view of the award of the Banking
Ombudsman, the account of the petitioner was frozen.  It is stated that by the
time the account of the petitioner was frozen, petitioner had already withdrew
certain amounts and only an amount of Rs.11,70,102/- was lying to the credit of
the petitioner at Guntur branch.  In the counter, it is further stated that the
grievance of the petitioner, if any, should be only against M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh
Textiles (P) Ltd., Coimbatore, which has issued stop-payment instructions, but
not against the respondent-bank.
        Heard learned counsel for petitioner Sri Nagaraju and also the learned
Standing counsel appearing for the 3rd respondent-bank.
        In this case, it is contended by the learned counsel for petitioner that
though there is no mistake on the part of the petitioner, having transferred the
cheque amount to the credit of his account, respondents have dishonoured the
cheque issued by him, indicating that his account was frozen.  It is submitted
by the learned counsel that for no fault of the petitioner, he is made to suffer
and that no such power is conferred on the respondent-bank to freeze the account
on their own, without conducting any inquiry and without issuing any notice to
him.  In support of his contention, the learned counsel has placed reliance on
the judgment of Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Rangappa V. Mohan1.
        On the other hand, it is submitted by Sri E.Sambasiva Pratap, learned
counsel for respondents that the cheque issued in favour of petitioner was post-
dated one i.e. cheque bearing No.721690, dated 05.04.2012, for an amount of
Rs.24,15,365/-, but even much before the said date, M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles
(P) Ltd., Coimbatore, which has issued the said cheque to the petitioner, has
issued letter, dated 02.04.2012, which was received by the 3rd respondent on
03.04.2012, for stopping the payment.  It is stated that the bank has committed
a mistake by not uploading it in the system for             stop-payment alert,
and due to oversight, when the petitioner has presented the cheque for payment,
the bank passed the said cheque and credited an amount of Rs.24,15,365/- to the
account of the petitioner.  It is further submitted that in view of the award
passed by the Banking Ombudsman, and in view of the instructions issued by
M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd., the account of the petitioner was freezed.
The learned counsel, in support of his contention, relies on the provision under
Section 72 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872.
        In this case, it is not in dispute that a cheque for an amount of
Rs.24,15,365/- was issued by M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd. in favour of
petitioner.  Though the account of the petitioner was freezed only on account of
the instructions given by M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd. and the
subsequent award of the Banking Ombudsman, dated 07.09.2012, the said Firm i.e.  
M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd. is not a party before this Court.  It is
true that when the cheque was presented by the petitioner on 05.04.2012, the
same was honoured, but earlier to the said date i.e. on 02.04.2012 itself,
instructions were issued by M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd., for stopping
the payment.  As indicated in the counter, such instructions for stopping the
payment have been issued, referring to some dispute with regard to quality and
quantity of the goods supplied by the petitioner.  Though the receipt of such
letter was acknowledged by the 3rd respondent on 03.04.2012, as explained in the
counter affidavit, it appears, they have not uploaded it in the system for
stop-payment alert, and due to the same, by oversight, the cheque, which was
presented by the petitioner, was honoured and the amount was credited to his
account.  But when the same was noticed, immediately, the 3rd respondent has 
contacted the 2nd respondent and issued a letter, dated 23.04.2012, for freezing
the account of the petitioner.  Even by that time, certain amounts were already
withdrawn by the petitioner, and only an amount of Rs.11,70,102/- was lying to
the credit of his account at Guntur branch.  It is also to be noticed that in
this case, when the 3rd respondent-bank has failed to comply with the stop-
payment instructions issued by M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd., the said
Firm has also approached the Banking Ombudsman, who passed the award dated     
07.09.2012, to the effect that UCO Bank shall credit-back the amount to the
current account of the complainant with immediate effect along with interest at
savings bank rate from the date of wrong debit till the date of crediting.  In
the award, there was a direction to credit-back the amount of cheque issued by
the complainant i.e. M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd., and in that view of
the matter, there was no option to the 3rd respondent, except to freeze the
account of the petitioner, where, an amount to the tune of Rs.11,70,102/-, was
lying.  In view of the letter dated 02.04.2012, which was received by the 3rd
respondent on 03.04.2012, it is a mistaken transfer, which falls within the
scope of Section 72 of the Indian Contract Act, as per which, a person to whom
money has been paid, or anything delivered, by mistake or under coercion, must
repay or return it.  As the bank has paid to the petitioner by mistake, contrary
to the stop-payment letter dated 02.04.2012, issued by M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh 
Textiles (P) Ltd., it is the obligation on the part of the petitioner to pay-
back such amount on his own.  In view of such mistaken transfer and in view of
the letter dated 23.04.2012, addressed by the 3rd respondent to the 2nd
respondent, where the petitioner operates his account, the account is freezed to
realise the amount, which was mistakenly transferred to his account.  In view of
the provision under Section 72 of the Indian Contract Act, this Court is of the
view that as the 3rd respondent-bank has committed an inadvertent mistake, it
has rightly issued the letter dated 23.04.2012, to the 2nd respondent for
freezing the account of the petitioner.  Though the learned counsel for
petitioner has relied on the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case
of Rangappa     (1 supra), the issue involved in the said case relates to
Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, therefore, the ratio laid
down in the said judgment would not render any assistance in support of the case
of the petitioner.  On the other hand, the judgment relied on by the learned
counsel appearing for the 3rd respondent-bank in the case of S.Kotrabasappa V.
The Indian Bank2, would support the case of 3rd respondent.  In the aforesaid
judgment, while interpreting the scope of Section 72 of the Indian Contract Act,
1872, it is held that when there is a mistaken credit in the account of a person
by the Bank, such person is bound to repay or return such amount and he is also
liable to pay interest under Interest Act, on such amount retained by him.  In
that view of the matter, this Court is of the view that in this case, as there
was a mistaken credit to the account of the petitioner, this judgment would
support the case of 3rd respondent.     If there is any dispute with regard to
the amounts payable by M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd., it is open for the
petitioner to proceed against the said Firm, but in view of the letter dated
02.04.2012, received by the 3rd respondent-bank on 03.04.2012, and  in view of
the further award of the Banking Ombudsman, dated 07.09.2012, I do not find any
illegality in freezing the account of the petitioner.   Therefore, the
petitioner is not entitled for the relief sought for in this writ petition.
        For the aforesaid reasons, giving liberty to the petitioner to pursue the
remedies available under law against M/s.Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles (P) Ltd., this
writ petition is disposed of.  No costs.
        As a sequel, WPMP.No.36498 of 2012 stands closed.   
______________________  
R. SUBHASH REDDY, J    
3rd October 2012